A
absolute value - the distance of a number from zero
acute angle - an angle measuring less than 90 degrees
acute triangle - a triangle with all three angles measuring less than 90 degrees
additive inverse - the opposite of a number, a number and its additive inverse add up to zero,
the additive inverse of 5 is (-5), 5 + (-5) = 0
angle - two rays with the same endpoint
area - the number of square units that cover a shape or a figure
associative property of addition - (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
associative property of multiplication - (a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
B
base - (1) part of a power that tells what the factor is, (2) the bottom of a figure or three-dimensional
figure
bisect - to divide into two congruent parts
C
circle - the set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a center point
circumference - the distance around a circle
coefficient - a constant that multiplies a variable
collinear - two points that line on the same line are collinear
common factor - a number that is a factor of two or more numbers
common multiple - a number that is a multiple of two or more numbers
commutative property of addition - a + b = b + a
commutative property of multiplication - a * b = b * a
complementary angles - two angles whose sum is 90 degrees
composite number - a number with more than two factors
constant - a number, the value does not change
coordinate system - used to locate a point, has a horizontal axis (x) and a vertical axis (y)
cube - a three-dimensional figure with six square faces
cylinder - a three-dimensional figure with two parallel circular bases
D
decimal - parts of a number, expressed with a decimal point and one or more numbers to the right
of the decimal point
degree - unit of measure of an angle
denominator - the bottom number of a fraction, tells how many sections a whole is divided into
diameter - a line segment joining two points of a circle and passing through the center of the
circle
difference - the answer to a subtraction problem
distributive property - a(b + c) = ab + ac
dividend - in a / b = c, a is the dividend
divisor - in a / b = c, b is the divisor
E
equation - a mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign (=), two expressions with the
same value
equilateral triangle - all three sides are the same length
equivalent fractions - two fractions with an equal value
evaluate - to find a numerical value for an expression
exponent - in a power, the exponent tells how many times to multiply the base
F
factor - one of two or more numbers that are multiplied together to get a product
face - a flat surface on a three-dimensional figure
formula - an equation that states a rule or a fact
fraction - a number used to show part of a whole, contains a numerator and denominator
G
graph - a type of drawing used to display data
greatest common factor (GCF) - the largest number that is a factor of two or more given numbers
H
hypotenuse - the side of a right triangle that is opposite of the right angle
I
identity property of addition - the sum of a number and zero is that number
identity property of multiplication - the product of a number and one is that number
improper fraction - the numerator is greater than the denominator
inequality - a mathematical sentence that contains an inequality symbol and shows that two
expressions are not equal
integers - a set of numbers that contains zero, whole numbers, and the negatives of the whole
numbers
inverse - the opposite of a number, -5 is the inverse of 5
inverse operations - two operations that have the opposite effect, addition and subtraction are
inverse operations, multiplication and division are inverse operations
isosceles triangle - a triangle with at least two equal sides
L
least common denominator (LCD) - the smallest multiple of the denominators of two or more
fractions
least common multiple (LCM) - the smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers
like fractions - fractions that have the same denominator
line - a straight set of points that extends infinitely in each direction
line segment - a straight set of points with two endpoints
lowest terms - simplest form, when the GCF of the denominators is 1
M
mean - also called average, the sum of all data divided by the number of data
median - the middle number in a set of data when the numbers are arranged in numerical order
midpoint - a point on a line segment that divides the segment into two congruent parts
mixed number - a number written as a whole number and a fraction
mode - the number or numbers in a set of a data that occurs most frequently
multiple - a multiple of a number is the product of that number and any other
whole number
multiplicative inverse - also called reciprocal, write the original number as a fraction and
then flip it over
N
negative - less than zero
number line - a line on which every point represents a number, extends infinitely in both directions
numerator - the top number in a fraction
O
obtuse angle - an angle with a measure greater than 90 degrees
obtuse triangle - a triangle with an obtuse angle
octagon - a polygon with 8 sides
odd number - a number that is not divisible by two, ones digit is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9
operation - addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the four operations
opposites - two numbers that are the same distance from zero on the number line, one positive
and one negative
ordered pair - a set of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate system, the x-value
always comes first and the y-value second
origin - (0,0), the point where the x-axis and y-axis intersect;
outcome - in probability, a possible result of an experiment
P
parallel - two lines in the same plane that never intersect
parallelogram - a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel
pentagon - a polygon with 5 sides
percent - %, a ratio or fraction based on 100 as the denominator
perimeter - the distance around a polygon, the sum of all of the sides
perpendicular - two lines are perpendicular if they intersect at a 90 degree angle
pi - the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (usually rounded to 3.14)
plane - geometrically speaking, a flat surface which extends infinitely
point - a location on a plane or in space with no dimensions
polygon - more than two line segments that form a closed figure
positive - greater than zero
power - repeated multiplication, has a base and an exponent
prime number - a number with only two factors, 1 and itself
probability - in an experiment, the number of successful outcomes divided by the total number
of possible outcomes
product - the answer to a multiplication problem
proportion - two equivalent fractions or ratios
protractor - a device used for measuring a constructing angles
Q
quadrant - a quarter of the coordinate system, there are four quadrants
quadrilateral - a polygon with 4 sides
quotient - the answer to a division problem
R
radius - the distance from a point on a circle to the center point of the circle
range - the difference between the biggest and smallest numbers in a set of data
ratio - the comparison of two numbers
rational number - a number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers
ray - part of a line with one endpoint that extends infinitely in one direction
reciprocal - flip the fraction over, a number and its reciprocal have a product of 1; ex. 4/5
x 5/4 = 1
rectangle - a quadrilateral with four 90 degree angles
regular polygon - a polygon that has all equal side lengths and all equal angle measures
repeating decimal - a decimal in which the digist repeat endlessly, ex. 4.151515151....
rhombus - a parrallelogram with four equal sides
right angle - an angle which measures 90 degrees
right triangle - a triangle which contains a 90 degree angle
S
scalene triangle - a triangle with 3 unequal sides
scientific notation - a system for writing extremely large or small numbers as the product of
a number and a power of ten
similar - two polygons are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional
simplifying - reducing fractions to lowest terms
skew lines - lines that are not in the same plane and do not intersect
solution - the value for a variable that makes an equation true
sphere - a three-dimensional figure with all points equal distance from a center point
square - a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four 90 degree angles
square root - the square root of x is the number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the product
of x; ex. the square root of 9 is 3 because 3 x 3 = 9.
stem-and-leaf plot - a technique for organizing a set of data
straight angle - an angle which measures 180 degrees; a straight line
supplementary angles - two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
surface area - for a three-dimensional figure, the sum of the areas of the faces
T
terminating decimal - a decimal that does not repeat; ex. 2.75
trapezoid - a quadrialateral with exactly 2 parallel sides
tree diagram - a diagram that shows the possible outcomes of an experiment
triangle - a polygon with 3 sides
U
unit price - price per unit of measure
V
variable - a symbol or letter used to represent an unknown number
vertex - the point of an angle where the two sides intersect
vertical angles - a pair of opposite angles formed by intersecting lines
volume - a measurement of space or capacity
W
whole numbers - the set of numbers that includes zero and all of the counting numbers (0, 1,
2, 3, 4, . . .)
X
x-axis - the horizontal axis in the coordinate system
x-coordinate - the first number in an ordered pair
x-intercept - the point where a line or curve crosses the x-axis
Y
y-axis - the vertical axis in the coordinate system
y-coordinate - the second number in an ordered pair
y-intercept - the point where a line or curve crosses the y-axis
Z
zero property of multiplication - the product of any number and zero is zero
